Apparently, the stimulating effect of these carbohydrates is not acquired through encounters with pathogens the way we acquire immunity to most microorganisms, but is innate, i.e. present in our genetic make-up. When we come in contact with these very special carbohydrates, our immune system seems to activate so that, when we come in contact with a pathogen, we are better able to deal with it and stop an infection. Apparently, this response may also prepare us to stop our own "gone bad" cells, those that have lost the capacity to control cell division and have become cancer cells.
References Kollár, R, Reinhold B.B., Petráková, E. , Yeh, H.J.C., Ashwell, G., Drgonová, J., Kapteyn, J.C., Klis, F.M. and Cabib, Enrico (1997) Architecture of the Yeast Cell wall beta (1-->6)-glucan interconnects mannoprotein, beta (1-->3)-glucan, and chitin. Journal Biological Chemistry: 272: 17762-17775
Kougias, Panagiotis; Wei, Duo; Rice, Peter J.; Ensley, Harry E.; Kalbfleisch, John; Williams, David L.; Browder, I. William (2001) Normal human fibroblasts express pattern recognition receptors for fungal (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans. Infection and Immunity: 69: 3933-3938.
Brown, Gordon D.; Gordon, Siamon (2001) Immune recognition: A new receptor for beta-glucans. Nature (London, United Kingdom) 413: 36-37

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